The global demand for подержанные экскаваторы continues to rise due to their cost-effectiveness compared to new models. Whether you’re looking for a small excavator for light construction, a средний экскаватор for urban projects, or a large excavator for mining and heavy-duty tasks, buying secondhand can be a smart investment—if you know what to check.
However, purchasing a used crawler excavator with hydraulic system requires careful inspection to avoid costly repairs and downtime. This guide will walk you through the 5 most critical inspection points to ensure you get a reliable machine at the best price.
1. Inspect the Undercarriage (Tracks, Rollers, and Sprockets)
The undercarriage is one of the most expensive components to repair or replace in a crawler excavator. Since it bears the machine’s full weight and endures constant friction, wear and tear are inevitable.
What to Check:
- Track Pads & Chains: Look for excessive wear, cracks, or missing links.
- Rollers & Idlers: Ensure they rotate smoothly without wobbling or grinding noises.
- Sprockets: Check for worn or broken teeth, which indicate heavy use.
- Bushings & Pins: Excessive play means they may need replacement soon.
Pro Tip: A well-maintained undercarriage should have even wear. If one side is more worn than the other, the machine may have alignment issues.
2. Evaluate the Hydraulic System (Pumps, Cylinders, and Hoses)
Since most modern excavators rely on a hydraulic system, any leaks or malfunctions can lead to expensive repairs.
What to Check:
- Hydraulic Pumps: Listen for unusual noises (whining or grinding), which indicate internal wear.
- Cylinders: Look for oil leaks, pitting, or rust on the rods.
- Hoses & Fittings: Check for cracks, bulges, or leaks.
- Hydraulic Oil: Dark or milky oil suggests contamination or water ingress.
Pro Tip: Operate the boom, arm, and bucket to test hydraulic responsiveness. Slow or jerky movements may signal pump or valve issues.
3. Examine the Engine (Oil, Coolant, and Exhaust)
The engine is the heart of any подержанный экскаватор, whether it’s a small, medium, or large excavator. A poorly maintained engine can lead to breakdowns and costly overhauls.
What to Check:
- Oil Condition: Black, sludgy oil indicates poor maintenance.
- Coolant Levels & Quality: Discolored or oily coolant may indicate a blown head gasket.
- Exhaust Smoke:
- Blue Smoke = Burning oil (piston ring or valve seal issues).
- White Smoke = Coolant leak (head gasket failure).
- Black Smoke = Fuel injection problems.
- Engine Hours: Compare the meter reading with maintenance records. High hours aren’t always bad if the machine was well-maintained.
Pro Tip: Start the engine cold—a hard start when cold could indicate compression issues.
4. Check the Frame & Welds (Structural Integrity)
A bent or cracked frame can compromise safety and performance. This is especially important for large excavators used in heavy-duty applications.
What to Check:
- Cracks or Repairs: Look for welding marks or patches, which may indicate past damage.
- Boom & Arm: Check for bends, stress fractures, or rust in critical areas.
- Swing Mechanism: Ensure the excavator rotates smoothly without excessive play.
Pro Tip: Use a flashlight to inspect hard-to-see areas, especially around stress points.
5. Test the Electronics & Controls (Operation & Safety Features)
Modern подержанные экскаваторы often come with advanced electronics. Malfunctions can lead to operational delays or safety hazards.
What to Check:
- Control Response: Ensure joysticks and pedals operate smoothly without lag.
- Display & Alerts: Check for error codes or warning lights.
- AC & Heating: If equipped, test climate control functions.
- Safety Features: Verify that emergency shut-off switches work.
Pro Tip: Bring a diagnostic tool (if possible) to scan for hidden error codes.
Bonus: How to Verify the Excavator’s History?
- Service Records: Ask for maintenance logs to confirm regular oil changes, filter replacements, and part repairs.
- Inspection Report: Hire a third-party inspector for an unbiased assessment.
- Previous Usage: Machines from municipal or agricultural use are often better maintained than those from demolition or mining.
Заключение
Buying a подержанный экскаватор—whether a small, medium, or large excavator—can save you thousands, but only if you avoid hidden problems. By focusing on these 5 key inspection points (undercarriage, hydraulics, engine, frame, and electronics), you can make a confident purchase.
If you’re looking for a reliable used crawler excavator with hydraulic system, always buy from reputable dealers who provide warranties and service history.
Need help sourcing high-quality used excavators for export? Contact us today for the best deals on inspected and certified machines!